Motion in 3D Space.
Before axes, control surfaces, or flight states make sense, you need a clear picture of how any rigid object can move through three-dimensional space. Three concepts cover it.
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Terms
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Degrees of Freedom
The six independent ways any rigid body can move in 3D space — three translational, three rotational.
Translation
Linear movement — the aircraft's position changes without rotation. Surge, sway, and heave.
Rotation
Angular movement about an axis — roll, pitch, and yaw as motions, distinct from the axes themselves.