Control surfaces.
Hinged panels on the wings and tail that a pilot deflects to produce rotational forces about each axis. Each surface is the physical answer to one of the three axes.
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Aileron
Trailing edge of each wing. Differential pair — one up, one down — that rolls the aircraft about the longitudinal axis.
Elevator
Trailing edge of the horizontal stabilizer. Pitches the aircraft about the lateral axis — raises and lowers the nose.
Rudder
Trailing edge of the vertical stabilizer. Yaws the aircraft about the normal axis — swings the nose left or right.
Flaps
Inboard trailing edge of each wing. High-lift devices deployed for takeoff and landing — increase lift at low speed at the cost of more drag.